Nakul[1]

Male


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  • Name Nakul  
    Gender Male 
    Ancient Hindu Kingdom Kuru, Ancient Kingdoms, India Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Association Ashwin Kumar - Nasatya (Relationship: Father via Niyoga) 
    Association Satyasena (Relationship: Slain) 
    Association Chitrasena, I (Relationship: Slain) 
    Association Sushena, II (Relationship: Slain) 
    Person ID I132  Hindu Puran Genealogy Tree | Pandavas, Somavanshi
    Last Modified 21 Sep 2013 

    Father Pandu 
    Mother Madri 
    Family ID F53  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family 1 Draupadi 
    Children 
     1. Satanika
    Last Modified 7 Dec 2011 
    Family ID F107  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family 2 Karenumati 
    Children 
     1. Niramitra
    Last Modified 6 Dec 2011 
    Family ID F108  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  • Sources

    1. [S93]
      WIKI.Nakula, Wiki, (Wikipedia), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakula.

      Nakula
      An 18th century painting depicting Nakula
      Personal Information
      Affiliation Kaunteya, Ashvineya, Pandava
      Weapon Sword
      Family Parents
      Brothers (Kunti)
      Spouse [1]
      Children
      Relatives

      In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Nakula (Sanskrit: नकुल) was the fourth of the five Pandava brothers. Nakula and Sahadeva were twins blessed to Madri, by the Ashvini Kumaras, the divine physicians and adopted by Pandu.[2] Their parents – Pandu and Madri – died early, so the twins were adopted by their mother, Kunti and were trained by Drona in Hastinapura.

      Skilled in Ayurveda, sword fighting, and horse keeping, Nakula is described as the most handsome man in the Mahabharata.[3] Nakula had two wives – Draupadi, the common wife of the five brothers, and Karenumati, daughter of the Chedi king Shishupala. For Yudhishthira's Rajasuya, he conquered the Sivis, the Rohitakas and other dynasties. After the game of dice, the Pandavas and Draupadi were sent into exile for 13 years with the last year being incognito. During the incognito, Nakula disguised himself as a horse trainer named Granthika. In the Kurukshetra War, Nakula killed many warriors, including Vrikasura, Shakuni's son.

      Etymology and other names

      In Sanskrit, the word nakula means "mongoose" or "mongoose-colored."[4]

      Nakula and his brother Sahadeva are both also referred to in the epic as Āśvineya, Aśvinīsuta and Aśvisuta because they are the sons of the Ashvins and they are called Kaunteya, Pandavas.[5][6]

      Birth and early years

      Due to Pandu's inability to bear children (because of the curse of Rishi Kindama), Kunti had to use the boon given by Sage Durvasa to give birth to her three children. She invoked the Ashvini Kumaras to beget Nakula and Sahadeva, as twins for Madri. Madri committed self immolation, called Sati when her husband died and entrusted her children's care to Kunti. Despite different divine paternal parentage these five children of Kunti – Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, were called Pandavas, or sons of Pandu.[7][8] Nakula was known to be the most handsome person in the Kuru lineage.[dubious ]

      In his childhood, Nakula mastered his skills in fencing and knife throwing under his father Pandu and a hermit named Suka at the Satasringa ashram. Later, Pandu lost his life when he attempted to make love with his wife, Madri. She committed suicide. Thus, Nakula along with his brothers moved to Hastinapura where he was brought up by his mother Kunti. Kunti loved him as much as her own sons.[9]

      Nakula greatly improved his archery and swordplay skills under the tutelage of Drona. Nakula turned out to be an accomplished wielder of the sword. Along with the other Pandava brothers, Nakula was trained in religion, science, administration, and military arts by the Kuru preceptors Kripacharya and Dronacharya. He was particularly skilled at horse-riding.

      Skills

      • Horse-keeping: Nakula's deep understanding of horse breeding and training is documented in the Mahabharata after the death of Narakasura by Krishna. In a conversation with Virata, Nakula claimed to know the art of treating all illnesses of horses. He was also a highly skilled charioteer.[10][11]
      • Ayurveda: Being a son of the physicians, Ashvini Kumaras, Nakula was also believed to be an expert in Ayurveda.[12]
      • Swordsman: Nakula was a brilliant swordsman and he showed his skills of a sword while killing the sons of Karna on the 18th day of Kurukshetra war.

      Marriage and Children

      When the Pandavas and their mother, Kunti were in hiding after the event of Lakshagriha, Arjuna won Draupadi's hand in marriage. Nakula married her along with his brothers and had a son, Shatanika who was killed by Ashwatthama in the Kurukshetra War.

      He also married Karenumati, the daughter of Shishupala, who bore him one son, Niramitra and a daughter, Printha.[13]

      Rajasuya conquests

      Nakula's military expedition to the western kingdoms, as per epic Mahabharata. He seemed to have followed the Uttarapatha route.

      Nakula was sent west by Yudhisthira to subjugate kingdoms for the Rajasuya sacrifice, after crowning as the Emperor of Indraprastha. Nakula set forth to the kingdom once dominated by Vasudeva with a huge army. He first attacked the prosperous mountainous country of Rohitaka. He defeated the Mattamyurakas of the land in a fierce encounter. In another battle with the sage Akrosha, Nakula subjugated the regions of Sairishaka and Mahetta. He also defeated many tribes and small dynasties, including the Dasarnas, the Sivis, the Trigartas, the Amvashtas, the Malavas, the five tribes of the Karnatas, the Madhyamakeyas, the Vattadhanas and the Utsava-sanketas.[14]

      Exile

      Yudhishthira's loss in the game of dice meant that all Pandavas had to live in exile for 13 years. Once in exile, Jatasura, disguised as a Brahmin, kidnapped Nakula along with Draupadi, Sahadeva and Yudhishthira. Bhima rescued them eventually and in the fight that ensued, Nakula killed Kshemankara, Mahamaha, and Suratha.[15] In the 13th year, Nakula disguised himself as an ostler and assumed the name of Granthika (between themselves, the Pandavas called him Jayasena) at the Kingdom of Virata. He worked as a horse-trainer who looked after horses in the royal stable.[16]

      Role in the Kurukshetra War

      Nakula in Javanese Wayang

      Nakula desired Drupada to be the general of the Pandava army, but Yudhishthira and Arjuna opted for Dhristadyumna.[17]

      As a warrior, Nakula slew prominent war-heroes on the enemy side. The flag of Nakula's chariot bore the image of a red deer with a golden back.[18] His conch, which was blown among others at the start of the war, was named Sughosha.[19] Nakula was the leader of one of the seven Akshahuni.

      On the 1st day of the war, Nakula defeated Dussasana, sparing his life so that Bhima could fulfill his oath.

      On the 11th day, Nakula defeated Shalya, destroying his chariot.

      On the 13th day, his advance into Dronacharya's formation was repulsed by Jayadratha.

      On the night of the 14th day, he vanquished Shakuni.

      On the 15th day, he was defeated by Duryodhana in a one-on-one duel.

      On the 16th day, he was defeated and spared by Karna.[20] On the 18th day, he killed Karna's sons Chitrasena, Satyasena and Sushena.

      Later life and death

      After the war, Yudhishthira appointed Nakula as the King of Northern Madra and Sahadeva as King of southern Madra.[21]

      Upon the onset of Kali Yuga and the departure of Krishna, the Pandavas retired. Giving up all their belongings and ties, the Pandavas and Draupadi, along with a dog, made their final journey of pilgrimage to the Himalayas.

      Except Yudhishthira, all of the Pandavas grew weak and died before reaching heaven. Nakula was the third one to fall after Draupadi and Sahadeva. When Bhima asked Yudhishthira why Nakula fell, Yudhishthira replied that Nakula took pride in his beauty and believed that there was nobody equal to him in looks.[22]

      References

      1. "The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV". 16 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
      2. Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 73.
      3. Chakravarti 2007.
      4. Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1899). A Sanskrit-English dictionary. p. 523.
      5. Søren Sørensen (1904–1925). Index to the Names in the Mahābhārata. p. 1.497.
      6. Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 73.
      7. Das, Gurcharan (2 September 2010). The Difficulty of Being Good. Oxford University Press. p. xxvi. ISBN 9780199781478. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
      8. "The five Pandavas and the story of their birth". aumamen.com. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
      9. Fang, Liaw Yock (2013). A History of Classical Malay Literature. Institute of Southeast Asian. ISBN 978-981-4459-88-4.
      10. "Mahabharata Text".
      11. Lochan, Kanjiv (2003). Medicines of early India : with appendix on a rare ancient text (Ed. 1st. ed.). Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan. ISBN 9788186937662.
      12. Charak, K.S. (1999). Surya, the Sun god (1st ed.). Delhi: Uma Publications. ISBN 9788190100823.
      13. "The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV". Archived from the original on 16 January 2010.
      14. "Mahabharata. Digvijaya Parva". www.tititudorancea.com. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
      15. Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 900. ISBN 9788176252263.
      16. Kapoor, Subodh, ed. (2002). The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific (1st ed.). New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. p. 4462. ISBN 9788177552713.
      17. Menon, [translated by] Ramesh (2006). The Mahabharata : a modern rendering. New York: iUniverse, Inc. p. 88. ISBN 9780595401888.
      18. "Mahabharata Text".
      19. Bhagavad Gita 1.16
      20. "The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 48". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
      21. "Shalya – Vyasa Mahabharata".
      22. "The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section 2".

      Sources

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